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What is air spring?

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Air spring:

An air spring, also known as an airbag or pneumatic spring, is a type of spring that uses compressed air to absorb shock and maintain the ride height of a vehicle. Unlike traditional coil or leaf springs, which use metal to provide support and shock absorption, air springs use air (pneumatic pressure) trapped inside a flexible rubber or fabric bladder to cushion the load and adjust the vehicle’s suspension.

The basic structure of an air spring consists of a rubber or fabric chamber (the airbag) and a series of metal components that house the airbag and connect it to the vehicle’s suspension system. The air within the chamber can be adjusted—either automatically or manually—by inflating or deflating it. This feature allows for precise control over the vehicle’s ride height, comfort, and handling.

The air spring has compressed air, or gas is filled in the cylinder or bellows against which the wheel movement is transmitted through a diaphragm. As soon as the wheel passes over a road irregularity the compressed air pressure returns the system to its original position.

Air Spring Work:

The key to an air spring’s operation lies in its ability to use air pressure to control suspension dynamics. Here’s how it works:

  1. Compression and Expansion: When a load is applied to the vehicle (e.g., driving over a bump), the air spring compresses. The flexible rubber bladder inside the spring squashes and the air within the chamber is compressed. This absorbs the shock from the road and minimizes the impact on the vehicle’s frame and passengers.

  2. Adjustment of Air Pressure: Air springs are designed to allow for the adjustment of air pressure within the bag. The pressure can be increased to raise the vehicle or decreased to lower it. This adjustment allows for better control over-ride comfort, handling, and the vehicle’s height—especially when carrying varying loads.

  3. Restoring the Ride Height: Once the compression is removed (after the bump or load is gone), the air spring returns to its original position as the air pressure pushes the airbag back to its initial form. The spring then restores the vehicle’s height and readiness for the next impact.

air spring air spring diagram

Types of Air Springs:

  1. Bellows-Style Air Springs: These are the most common type of air springs, featuring a bellows shape that expands and contracts as air is added or released. They are typically used in passenger cars, trucks, and trailers.

  2. Sleeve-Style Air Springs: Sleeve air springs are more compact than bellows-type springs and are commonly used in applications where space is limited. They have a cylindrical shape and are often used in heavy-duty vehicles or in applications that require a higher load-bearing capacity.

  3. Rolling Lobe Air Springs: These air springs are designed with a rolling lobe that expands and contracts as air pressure is adjusted. They are widely used in commercial vehicles like trucks and buses to provide a stable and reliable suspension system.

Advantages of Air Spring:

  • Adjustable Ride Height: One of the biggest advantages of air springs is their ability to adjust the ride height of the vehicle. This feature is particularly useful for vehicles that regularly carry varying loads, such as trucks and RVs. By inflating or deflating the air springs, the vehicle can be leveled out, providing a consistent ride height regardless of load or terrain.

  • Improved Comfort: Air springs offer a much smoother ride than traditional metal springs. They can absorb shocks more effectively, reducing the harshness of bumps and irregularities on the road. This makes them ideal for vehicles that require a smooth, comfortable ride, such as luxury cars, buses, and coaches.

  • Better Handling: By adjusting the air pressure, air springs can improve vehicle handling, providing better stability, traction, and overall control. The suspension system can be optimized for different road conditions, ensuring the vehicle remains stable under various driving circumstances.

  • Reduced Maintenance: Air springs have fewer moving parts compared to traditional suspension systems. This reduces the wear and tear associated with conventional springs, leading to less frequent maintenance and longer service life for the vehicle’s suspension system.

  • Versatility: Air springs are widely used in a variety of vehicles, from passenger cars and trucks to buses, trailers, and even aircraft. They can be integrated into different types of suspension systems, offering greater versatility compared to coil or leaf springs.

Disadvantages of Air Spring:

  • Initial Cost: Air suspension systems can be more expensive to install and repair compared to traditional coil or leaf springs. The components, such as compressors and air reservoirs, can add to the cost of the system.

  • Complexity: The system that controls the air springs, including compressors and sensors, is more complex than traditional suspension systems. This can result in higher maintenance costs and the need for specialized knowledge when repairing or replacing parts.

  • Vulnerability to Leaks: Air springs rely on a sealed air bladder, and if there is a puncture or leak, the system may fail, resulting in a loss of ride comfort or stability. Regular maintenance and monitoring are required to avoid this issue.

Applications of Air Spring:

  • Automobiles: In passenger cars, particularly luxury vehicles, air springs are used to provide a smooth and quiet ride. They are often part of an air suspension system, which can adjust the ride height and stiffness based on the load, driving conditions, and even road imperfections.

  • Commercial Trucks and Buses: Air springs are commonly found in the suspension systems of trucks, buses, and trailers. The ability to adjust ride height and suspension stiffness makes these vehicles more efficient and comfortable, especially when carrying varying loads or traveling on different road conditions.

  • RV and Off-Road Vehicles: Air springs are used in recreational vehicles (RVs) to provide a smoother ride and adjust the ride height. In off-road vehicles, they help improve stability and shock absorption when traveling over rough terrain.

  • Aircraft: In aircraft, air springs are used in landing gear systems to cushion the impact during takeoff and landing. The ability to adjust the air pressure in these springs ensures optimal shock absorption and smooth landings.

  • Trailers: Air springs are widely used in trailers, especially those used for transporting heavy loads. Air suspension systems help distribute the weight evenly, improve handling, and protect the cargo during transportation.

 

Air springs represent a significant advancement in suspension technology, offering a level of comfort, adjustability, and performance that traditional springs simply cannot match. With their ability to adjust ride height, absorb shocks, and improve handling, air springs are an ideal choice for many different vehicles, from luxury cars to heavy-duty trucks and buses. While they come with a higher upfront cost and some maintenance considerations, their long-term benefits make them a popular choice for both consumer and commercial applications.

In the future, as technology continues to evolve, air springs are likely to become an even more prominent feature in vehicle suspension systems, providing enhanced comfort, performance, and efficiency across a wide range of industries.

 

What is helical spring?

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Helical spring:

Helical springs are most commonly used in ” Suspension System”. They occupy smaller space and can have fixed or variable spring rates. Their energy storage capacity is higher than leaf springs. They are very light in construction and require no maintenance. 

                                                                       Or

A helical spring is a type of mechanical spring that is wound in the shape of a coil, typically made of steel or other elastic materials. It is designed to absorb and store energy when compressed, stretched, or twisted. The spring’s helical structure allows it to provide resistance and return to its original shape once the force is removed. This makes it a crucial component in various applications, including vehicle suspension systems, machinery, and household items like mattresses.

Helical spring

How Does a Helical Spring Work?

Helical springs operate on the principle of elasticity. When a force is applied to compress or extend the spring, it deforms but returns to its original shape when the force is removed. The spring’s ability to store and release energy makes it essential for absorbing shocks, maintaining tension, or providing support in a wide range of mechanical systems.

 

Advantages of helical coil spring:

  • Compact Design: Their spiral shape allows them to be more compact and efficient than other types of springs.

  • Versatility: Helical springs can be used in a variety of applications, from heavy-duty industrial machinery to everyday household products.

  • Durability: Made from strong materials, they are designed to last and maintain their functionality even under continuous stress.

Light in weight and requires smaller space. They take care of bending loads as well as vertical shear loads. Good vibration damping capacity and ability to absorb shocks.

Helical spring

Disadvantages of helical coil spring:

    1. Lower load carrying capacity and hence cannot be u ed commercial vehicles like trucks.
    2. Difficult and costly to manufacture.
    3. Poor ability to take care of side thrusts and torque.
    4. Usually “Helper Spring”, i.e. additional spring (giving ‘nested’ construction) is needed.

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Applications of helical coil spring:

    1. Used in all two-wheelers (like bikes, mopeds, scooter, etc.).
    2. Used in all three wheeled vehicles (like auto rickshaw, small pickup load carriers, etc.)
    3. Used in front suspension of LMV (light motor vehicles) like passenger cars.

 

1. Design Considerations:

When designing or selecting a helical spring for a specific application, several factors need to be considered to ensure it meets the required performance criteria:

  • Material Choice: The spring material affects its strength, durability, and fatigue resistance. Common materials include carbon steel, stainless steel, and alloy steels. For more demanding applications, materials like titanium or Inconel may be used.

  • Spring Rate: This refers to the stiffness of the spring, or how much force is needed to compress or extend the spring by a given distance. A higher spring rate means the spring is stiffer and harder to compress or extend.

  • Wire Diameter: The thickness of the wire used in making the spring influences the load-carrying capacity and durability of the spring. Thicker wires provide more strength.

  • Number of Coils: The number of coils determines the spring’s flexibility and load distribution. More coils generally provide greater flexibility, while fewer coils offer greater stiffness.

  • Free Length and Solid Length: The free length is the uncompressed or unstressed length of the spring, while the solid length refers to the length the spring will occupy when fully compressed. These factors must be designed to match the requirements of the specific application.

2. Helical Spring Manufacturing Process:

The process of making a helical spring typically involves several steps:

  • Wire Drawing: The raw material (usually wire) is drawn into the desired thickness using a drawing machine.

  • Coiling: The wire is then wound into a coil shape, using a machine that wraps it around a mandrel or die, forming the helical shape.

  • Heat Treatment: After coiling, the spring is heat-treated to improve its strength and elasticity. This process is essential to ensure the spring performs well under stress and retains its shape over time.

  • Grinding and Finishing: The ends of the spring are often ground to ensure flatness, and the spring may be coated or treated to resist corrosion or wear.

3. Helical Spring Fatigue:

One of the main challenges for helical springs is fatigue, which occurs when a spring is repeatedly stressed and deformed. Over time, the constant load on the spring can cause microscopic cracks that eventually lead to failure. To combat fatigue, high-quality helical springs are designed with specific materials and manufacturing techniques to enhance their durability. Regular maintenance and replacement of worn-out springs are essential in high-stress applications.

4. Helical Spring Testing:

To ensure the performance and reliability of helical springs, several tests are often conducted during the design and manufacturing process:

  • Load Testing: Springs are tested under various loads to determine their load-bearing capacity and how they respond to compression or tension.

  • Fatigue Testing: This test simulates the repeated loading and unloading of the spring to assess its fatigue resistance over time.

  • Dimensional Inspection: The spring is measured to ensure it meets the required dimensions, including wire diameter, number of coils, and overall size.

5. Helical Spring Innovations:

As industries evolve and technology advances, innovations are continuously made in the design and application of helical springs. These innovations include:

  • Variable Pitch Springs: Springs with coils that are spaced unevenly, providing a varying spring rate. These are used in specific applications where the load distribution changes dynamically.

  • Plastic Helical Springs: In addition to traditional metal, plastic materials like nylon are also being used to create helical springs. These plastic springs are lighter and resistant to corrosion, making them ideal for certain low-load or delicate applications.

6. Helical Spring vs Other Types of Springs:

Comparing helical springs to other types of springs can provide more context for their advantages:

  • Helical Springs vs. Leaf Springs: While leaf springs are best suited for heavy-duty applications, helical springs offer more compactness, greater flexibility, and smoother performance in vehicles.

  • Helical Springs vs. Coil Springs: The term “coil spring” is often used interchangeably with helical spring, but coil springs can also refer to other spring types (e.g., torsion coils). Helical springs specifically refer to a spring wound in a helix shape.

In conclusion, helical springs are an essential component in many systems due to their versatility and ability to absorb and store energy. Whether in vehicles, machinery, or household products, their simple yet effective design continues to make them indispensable in modern engineering.

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What is leaf spring?

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Leaf spring:

A leaf spring is a type of suspension spring commonly used in vehicles, particularly for the rear suspension system in trucks, buses, and older cars. It consists of multiple layers (or “leaves”) of flexible steel, stacked on top of each other, which are bound together to form a single spring unit. The leaves are designed to bend and absorb shocks from the road, providing support and helping the vehicle maintain stability while driving.

 

Key Features and Functions of Leaf Springs:

  1. Shock Absorption:

    • Leaf springs help absorb and dissipate the energy generated by bumps, potholes, and other irregularities on the road. This smooths out the ride for the passengers and reduces the impact on the vehicle’s frame.

  2. Load Distribution:

    • Leaf springs provide support for the vehicle’s weight and any additional load it may carry. This is why they are commonly found in trucks, trailers, and vehicles designed to carry heavy loads.

  3. Durability:

    • Because leaf springs are made from high-strength steel, they are highly durable and can withstand heavy use over long periods. They are also relatively easy to repair or replace when necessary.

  4. Simplicity:

    • Leaf springs are a simple design, consisting of multiple layers of metal that are curved to absorb impact. Their simplicity and strength make them easy to manufacture and maintain.

 

Construction and Design:

  • Leaves: A leaf spring typically consists of several metal strips of varying lengths stacked together. The longest leaf is at the bottom, while shorter leaves are stacked above it. The stack is secured by a center bolt and often has clips or shackles at the ends to hold the leaves in place.

  • Eyebolt or Shackle: The ends of the leaf spring are typically attached to the vehicle’s frame using either an eyebolt or a shackle. These allow the leaf spring to pivot or move with the suspension as it absorbs road shocks.

leaf spring

The leaf spring is the most commonly used “conventional suspension system” (also called as “Independent Suspension System”), typically found in all commercial vehicles like truck, buses, etc. Semi-elliptical leaf springs are used in light as well heavy vehicles. Leaf springs support lateral load, drive thrust, braking torque as well as shocks. Leaf spring consists of leaves which are given initial curvature (also called as camber). Leaves are of different length and are held together by a central bolt. The construction is made such that the unit acts like a beam of uniform strength. ‘U’ bolt is
used to clamp the spring to the axle housing.

leaf spring

The longest leaf (called as master leaf) has an eye shaped end which is used to pass a bolt. The eyes are connected to shackle using brass or bronze or rubber bush.

If the length of leaves is longer, the suspension achieved is softer. For commercial vehicles like trucks, rear leaf springs are kept longer than the front leaf springs, thereby ensuring different natural frequencies of vibration.

Laminated leaf springs:

laminated leaf spring

The laminated leaf springs are self-damping as it is highly cambered, pressurized and are longer with shackle end, thus the friction leaves provide damping.

 

Types of Leaf Springs:

  1. Semi-Elliptical Leaf Springs: The most common design, these are shaped like a “U” or arc and are used for vehicle suspensions to provide flexibility and strength.

  2. Mono-Leaf Springs: These consist of a single, thick leaf of steel. They are lighter than traditional multi-leaf springs and are used in some modern vehicles, especially those designed for lighter loads.

  3. Elliptical Leaf Springs: These are similar to semi-elliptical springs but have a different shape. They are designed for more uniform distribution of stress and are used in certain heavy-duty applications.

Advantages of leaf springs:

  1. Higher load carrying capacity (compared to helical coil springs).
  2. Easy to manufacture, required.
  3. No maintenance required.
  4. if one or two leaves are broken/damaged, they can be replaced easily (and entire spring need not be replaced, thereby saving repair costs.

Disadvantages of leaf springs:

  1. Leaf spring construction is le /bulky, thereby limiting their use for large size vehicles only.
  2. Self-weight of leaf springs is more (compared to helical coil springs).
  3. -Moisture can enter into small gaps/spaces present between various leaves, thereby causing fretting corrosion.
  4. Fatigue life of leaf springs (especially at very loads) is lesser. Hence, the modern trend for HCV’s is to go for air or hydraulic suspension systems.

Applications of leaf springs:

  1. Rear suspension of light motor vehicle (LMV) like passenger cars.
  2. Front as well as rear suspension of light/medium/heavy commercial vehicle like trucks, uses, actor-trail er combinations, etc.
  3. Railway goods wagons, railway oil tanker wagons.

Conclusion:

In summary, leaf springs are a crucial component in many vehicle suspension systems, providing essential support, shock absorption, and load-bearing capacity. While they may not be as commonly used in modern passenger vehicles due to the rise of more advanced suspension systems, leaf springs remain a popular choice in heavy-duty vehicles and off-road applications. Their durability, simplicity, and strength continue to make them an essential part of many vehicle designs, especially where heavy loads and rugged conditions are involved.

Why clutch used in automobile (ऑटोमोबाइल में क्लच का उपयोग क्यों किया जाता है) ?

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The requirements of a clutch (क्लच की आवश्यकताएं):

The clutch used in automobiles are as follows (ऑटोमोबाइल में प्रयुक्त क्लच इस प्रकार हैं)-
                      clutch used

(i) Torque Transmission (टॉर्क ट्रांसमिशन):

क्लच को वाहन के संचालन की सभी स्थितियों के तहत गियर बॉक्स में पूर्ण (100%) टॉर्क संचारित करने में सक्षम होना चाहिए। इसका मतलब है कि क्लच को संलग्न होने के दौरान फिसलना नहीं चाहिए क्योंकि फिसलने के दौरान क्लच फेसिंग गर्म हो जाती है, जो क्लच क्षमता को सीमित करती है। इस प्रकार, क्लच फेसिंग में मेटिंग सतहों के साथ घर्षण का एक उचित गुणांक होना चाहिए और घर्षण सामग्री को उच्च तापमान और क्लैंपिंग लोड पर कुचलना नहीं चाहिए। क्लच को आमतौर पर अधिकतम इंजन टॉर्क का 125-150% संचारित करने के लिए डिज़ाइन किया गया है।

(ii) Gradual Engagement (क्रमिक जुड़ाव):

क्लच को धीरे-धीरे लगाना और हटाना चाहिए, ताकि पावर ट्रांसमिशन बिना किसी अवांछित झटके के सुचारू रूप से हो सके। इससे ड्राइविंग में आराम बढ़ता है और क्लच की लाइफ लंबी होती है। (The engagement and disengagement of clutch should be gradual, so that the power transmission takes place smoothly without undesired jerks. This results in increased driving comfort, and prolonged life of the clutch.)

(iii) Heat Dissipation (गर्मी लंपटता):

जब क्लच संचालित होता है तो घर्षण सतहों के रगड़ने के कारण बड़ी मात्रा में गर्मी निकलती है। इस गर्मी को कुशलतापूर्वक नष्ट करने के लिए क्लच प्लेट के डिजाइन में उचित वेंटिलेशन और पर्याप्त सतह क्षेत्र प्रदान किया जाना चाहिए।

(iv) Vibration Damping (कंपन अवमंदन):

परिचालन के दौरान उत्पन्न होने वाले कंपन और शोर को कम करने के लिए एक उपयुक्त कंपन अवमंदन प्रणाली प्रदान की जानी चाहिए।

(v) Size (आकार):

क्लच का आकार ऐसा होना चाहिए कि वह कम से कम जगह घेरे। बड़ी सिंगल प्लेट के बजाय मल्टीप्लेट का उपयोग करके क्लच का आकार काफी कम किया जा सकता है।

(vi) Minimum Inertia (न्यूनतम जड़ता):

क्लच के घूमने वाले हिस्सों में जड़त्व कम से कम होना चाहिए, यानी न्यूनतम द्रव्यमान। अगर घूमने वाले हिस्सों का जड़त्व बड़ा है, तो गियर बदलने के लिए क्लच छोड़ने के बाद भी क्लच प्लेट घूमती रहेगी। इससे गियर बदलने में दिक्कत होगी और गियर क्लैश भी हो सकता है।

The purpose of clutch plate function brief descriptions (क्लच प्लेट फ़ंक्शन का उद्देश्य संक्षिप्त विवरण):

उच्च सब्सट्रेट कठोरता पर क्लच जल्दी से बल बनाते हैं और विफल हो जाते हैं और कम सब्सट्रेट कठोरता पर क्लच स्वतः ही विफल हो जाते हैं। दो चरम सीमाओं के बीच, हम अधिकतम कर्षण बल पाते हैं, जो तब होता है जब घटाया गया भार और विफल चक्र समय सभी क्लच के बंधने के लिए अपेक्षित समय के बराबर होता है। इस कठोरता पर, क्लच अपनी पूरी सीमा तक होते हैं और मोटरों का प्रतिरोध होता है।

1. Purpose of pressure plate (प्रेशर प्लेट का उद्देश्य):

हल्के वाहन अनुप्रयोगों में दबाव प्लेट आम तौर पर एक डायाफ्राम प्रकार की होती है और इसे एक असेंबली के रूप में सेवित किया जाता है। इसमें एक दबाया हुआ स्टील कवर, एक यांत्रिक सपाट सतह वाली दबाव प्लेट, कई स्प्रिंग स्टील ड्राइव स्ट्रैप और डायाफ्राम स्प्रिंग शामिल हैं। यह डायाफ्राम क्लच कवर के अंदर 2 फुलक्रम रिंग पर स्थित होता है, जिसे डायाफ्राम से गुजरने वाले कई रिवेट्स द्वारा पकड़ कर रखा जाता है। प्रेशर प्लेट स्प्रिंग स्टील ड्राइव स्ट्रैप द्वारा कवर से जुड़ी होती है, जो एक छोर पर कवर से जुड़ी होती है, और दूसरे छोर पर प्लेट पर उभरे हुए पैरों से जुड़ी होती है। रिट्रैक्शन क्लिप दबाव प्लेट को डायाफ्राम के बाहरी किनारे के संपर्क में रखती है। क्लच ऑपरेशन के दौरान, वे प्लेट को फ्लाईव्हील से दूर ले जाते हैं।

2. Purpose of drive plate (ड्राइव प्लेट का उद्देश्य):

ऑटोमैटिक ट्रांसमिशन पर ड्राइव प्लेट का उद्देश्य मैनुअल ट्रांसमिशन में फ्लाईव्हील के समान ही होता है। ये दोनों घटक मैनुअल ट्रांसमिशन के क्लच के साथ जुड़ने के लिए डिज़ाइन किए गए क्रैंकशाफ्ट से जुड़े होते हैं, जबकि एक फ्लेक्स प्लेट टॉर्क कन्वर्टर से जुड़ी होती है और वही कार्य करती है।

3. Purpose of torsional spring (टॉर्शनल स्प्रिंग का उद्देश्य):

टॉर्शन स्प्रिंग एक स्प्रिंग है जो टॉर्शन या घुमाव के द्वारा काम करती है; अर्थात्, एक लचीली लोचदार वस्तु जो घुमाए जाने पर यांत्रिक ऊर्जा संग्रहीत करती है। जब इसे घुमाया जाता है, तो यह विपरीत दिशा में एक बल (वास्तव में टॉर्क) लगाता है, जो इसे घुमाए जाने की मात्रा (कोण) के अनुपात में होता है। दो प्रकार हैं। एक टॉर्शन बार धातु या रबर की एक सीधी पट्टी होती है जो अपने सिरों पर लगाए गए टॉर्क द्वारा अपनी धुरी के बारे में घुमाव (कतरनी तनाव) के अधीन होती है। संवेदनशील उपकरणों में उपयोग किया जाने वाला एक अधिक नाजुक रूप, जिसे टॉर्शन फाइबर कहा जाता है, में रेशम, कांच, या क्वार्ट्ज का एक फाइबर होता है जो तनाव के तहत अपनी धुरी के बारे में मुड़ जाता है। दूसरा प्रकार, एक हेलिकल टॉर्शन स्प्रिंग, एक हेलिक्स (कॉइल) के आकार में एक धातु की छड़ या तार होता है यह शब्दावली भ्रामक हो सकती है, क्योंकि कुंडलित मरोड़ स्प्रिंग में तार पर कार्य करने वाले बल वास्तव में तनाव होते हैं, न कि मरोड़ (कतरनी) तनाव।

4. Purposes of Coil Springs (कुंडल स्प्रिंग्स का उद्देश्य):

कॉइल स्प्रिंग का उपयोग कार के झटकों से यांत्रिक उपकरणों में किया जाता है। कॉइल स्प्रिंग को आमतौर पर कम्प्रेशन स्प्रिंग, टॉर्शन स्प्रिंग या हेलिकल स्प्रिंग कहा जाता है। वे ऊर्जा को संग्रहीत करते हैं और इसे झटके को अवशोषित करने या दो सतहों के बीच बल बनाए रखने के लिए छोड़ते हैं।

5. Purpose of Clutch disc (क्लच डिस्क का उद्देश्य):

संचालित केंद्र प्लेट को क्लच डिस्क या घर्षण डिस्क भी कहा जाता है। संचालित प्लेट में घर्षण फेसिंग की एक जोड़ी होती है, जो आमतौर पर वायर-प्रबलित एस्बेस्टस संरचना की होती है, जो लहरदार स्प्रिंग स्टील सेगमेंट पर होती है, जो स्टील से जुड़ी होती है। केंद्रीय मिश्र धातु-स्टील स्प्लिन्ड हब अलग हो जाता है। ड्राइव को डिस्क से हब तक भारी टॉर्सनल कॉइल स्प्रिंग्स या रबर ब्लॉक के माध्यम से प्रेषित किया जाता है। यह स्प्रिंग हब व्यवस्था इंजन से टॉर्सनल कंपन को कम करती है। यह अचानक या हिंसक क्लच एंगेजमेंट द्वारा ड्राइव लाइन पर लगाए गए शॉक लोड को भी अवशोषित करता है

 

What is rubber suspension?

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Rubber suspension:

The Leaf Spring, coil spring or other metallic springs have higher weight. The design engineer wants suspension system with minimum weight. Rubber suspension has lowest weight and stores higher energy per unit weight (compared to other suspension systems). Angled rubber spring pack
Bogie frame

rubber suspensionrubber suspensionrubber suspension

 

Type of Rubber Suspension:

1. Compression springs: They have simple construction and lower cost. They have good vibration damping capacity.
2. Compression shear springs: These springs can take compressive as well as shear loads. They have higher fatigue resistance.
3. Steel reinforced springs: Addition of steel to compression rubber spring increases strength and stiffness. Steel acts like a guide member and helps to improve load carrying capacity of the spring.
4. Progressive shear springs: The stiffness of these springs increases with increasing loads. These springs give softer suspension at lighter loads.
5. Torsional shear springs: These springs have higher torsional rigidity (GJ) and are used as additional springs in sports or racing cars.
6. Face shear springs: This spring Consists of a metal plated fixed to rubber padding. This spring is pre-compressed to take vertical axial loads (on the face of the spring).

 

Advantages of rubber suspension:

1. Extremely light in weight.
2. Very good vibration damping capacity.
3. Higher energy storage per unit weight.
4. No noise or chatter (due to absence of metal parts).
5. No problems of corrosion.

Disadvantages of rubber suspension:

1. Lower load carrying capacity. Hence not suitable for heavy commercial vehicles.
2. Strengthening or guiding material is required in addition to rubber suspension
3. Lower resistance to heat or high temperature operations.

Applications of rubber suspension:

1. Small passenger cars.
2. Small utility vehicles used in factory premises for transportation of light goods.
3. Such suspension systems are usually costly and hence preferred on high end passenger cars or heavy commercial vehicles as well as special purpose vehicles (like military applications).
4. Inter-connected suspension system commonly used are of following types:
(i) Air suspension system (ii) Hydro elastic suspension system (iii) Hydra gas suspension system